The formation of the African National Congress (ANC) and the United National Independence Party (UNIP).
: Facing regional instability and economic pressure, Kaunda declared a Second Republic under a single-party system ("One Zambia, One Nation"). Zambia actively supported liberation movements in neighboring countries like South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Angola. history pamphlet pdf zambia
The colony remained underdeveloped outside of the mines, focusing on the export of copper and attracting white settlers, while the local population often faced discriminatory practices. 4. The Federation and Path to Independence (1953–1964) The formation of the African National Congress (ANC)
The post-World War II era saw rising national consciousness. history pamphlet pdf zambia